{"id":26985,"date":"2022-05-18T14:30:21","date_gmt":"2022-05-18T14:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/?p=26985"},"modified":"2023-05-31T02:21:39","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T02:21:39","slug":"common-japanese-names","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/blog\/common-japanese-names\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Japanese names, their meaning and history"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What\u2019s in a name anyway? Well, if you grew up in Japan, <\/span><b><i>a lot<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A rich history lives behind every Japanese family name. Each one tells a story linked to a historic clan of ancient days (though how reliable that story <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">is<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> another matter). Or your surname might give some clues about your ancestors\u2019 place of origin. A name can even reveal the geography of the region it came from.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese first names are equally complex. Popular Japanese names take sounds, meaning, and even a name\u2019s \u201cluck\u201d into account before being given to a newborn. Add some complications with kanji into the mix and you\u2019ve got yourself one fascinating rabbit hole to stumble down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But don\u2019t worry! By the end of this article, we\u2019ll clear up everything you\u2019ll ever need to know about Japanese names.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Most common Japanese names and their meanings\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Family names<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are about 100,000 unique Japanese surnames (family names). But, 10 of these are extremely common. Traditionally, these names reflected the geography of the family\u2019s homeland. For example, Yamamoto (\u5c71\u672c) means \u201cbase of a mountain.\u201d And Ishikawa (\u77f3\u5ddd) means &#8220;river of stones.&#8221; So, you\u2019ll see clear trends in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/life\/2009\/10\/11\/general\/which-names-are-to-be-found-where\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese surnames by region<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let\u2019s take a look at the top 10 most popular surnames to start.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Sato <\/b><b>\u4f50\u6e21<\/b><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This name descends from an influential clan that gives it an aristocratic air. The first character, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">sa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(\u4f50), means to assist. While the second, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">t\u014d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(\u85e4), represents wisteria. So perhaps the first family given this name were helpful and generous and lived near wisteria plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Suzuki <\/b><b>\u9234\u6728<\/b><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The second most common surname, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suzuki<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(\u9234\u6728), has an unclear history. But the kanji may represent bell trees, bell wood, or bud trees.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Takahashi \u9ad8\u6a4b. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A literal translation of this name means tall\/high (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">taka &#8211;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u9ad8) bridge (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hashi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> &#8211; \u6a4b). The true origin remains unknown. But you might imagine families situated in a highland or deep valley near a famous bridge.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Tanaka \u7530\u4e2d.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This surname has a generic feeling and is sometimes used in the way John Smith or Jane Doe might be. Its humble origin represents a rice patty: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ta<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (rice field &#8211; \u7530) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">naka<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (within &#8211; \u4e2d).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Watanabe \u6e21\u8fba.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This name descends from a noble samurai clan created by the Minamoto family around the mid 10th century. It means to cross an area or border: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">wata<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (cross over &#8211; \u6e21) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">nabe<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (area\/border &#8211; \u8fba).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ito <\/b><b>\u4f0a\u85e4<\/b><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This surname may be linked to an ancient class of imperial regents called the Fujiwara Clan. Their long and prosperous history stretches all the way to 1868. The name\u2019s meaning is a bit ambiguous: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">i <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(this\/that &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u4f0a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (wisteria &#8211; <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u85e4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">). Another interpretation is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Iso no Fujiwara<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (the Fujiwara of Ise).\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Yamamoto \u5c71\u672c.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This name has a simple kanji with a simple origin. It most likely represents the geography of the family\u2019s area as described above. Yama (\u5c71)for \u201cmountain\u201d and moto(\u672c) for \u201cbase.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Nakamura \u4e2d\u6751.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This 8th most common Japanese name is one more case of a simple representation. The kanji most likely refers to any person from a small village: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">naka<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (middle\/within &#8211; \u4e2d) <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mura<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (village &#8211; \u6751).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Kobayashi \u5c0f\u6797.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This woodland name refers to a small forest: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ko<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (small &#8211; \u5c0f) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">bayashi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (forest &#8211; \u6797) Besides being the surname for many notable artists, actors, writers, and poets over time, its origin is unclear.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>Saito <\/b><b>\u658e\u85e4<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u6589) refers to a meal taken by monks. It gives the name a divine, holy flavour. This final name also has links to the Fujiwara clan with its second kanji <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u85e4), the same character that represents wisteria.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-87977\" src=\"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Japanese-names-2.png\" alt=\"Japanese name plaque on a house saying &quot;Fukaya&quot;\" width=\"798\" height=\"436\" \/><\/h3>\n<h3><b>First names<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like the western world, the sound of a name matters. Japanese first names that sound pleasant and harmonious are common. Unlike the western world, each Japanese name carries a significant meaning. The words chosen (usually 2 kanji) represent the hopes and values parents want to instill in their children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yamato<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u5927\u548c) means great harmony &#8211; a fitting name for a peaceful person. And <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atsuko<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u6e29\u5b50) means warm sincerity &#8211; a name given with the hope to raise a kind, honest child.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ending of a name gives some clue if it\u2019s meant for a male or female. -Ro, -shi, -ya, and -o endings are usually reserved for boys. And -ko, -mi, -e, -yo endings are usually for girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are some common first names for boys and girls and their meanings (in no particular order):<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Masako (\u96c5\u5b50) &#8211; elegant child, graceful, refined<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shota (\u7fd4\u592a) &#8211; healthy, stable, prosperous<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Takeshi (\u5065) &#8211; healthy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yuko (\u512a\u5b50) &#8211; gentle child<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Keiko (\u6075\u5b50) &#8211; lucky child<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kazuo (\u4e00\u96c4) &#8211; first born<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Akemi (\u6681\u7f8e) &#8211; natural beauty<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yuna (\u7d50\u611b) &#8211; connected in love<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Midori (\u7dd1) &#8211; green<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Miki (\u7f8e\u7d00) &#8211; beauty<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><b>How Japanese names are chosen\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<h3><b>Traditional naming<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japanese parents draw inspiration from a few places to choose a name. Birth order is the simplest. This tradition was common for boys\u2019 names, for example:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yoichi (\u967d\u4e00) &#8211; first son<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shinji (\u771f\u4e8c) &#8211; second son<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Saburo (\u4e09\u90ce) &#8211; third son<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You\u2019ll find plenty of nature-related kanji in popular Japanese names too (another huge inspiration in naming).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Nature Examples<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ayaka (\u5f69\u83ef) &#8211; colourful flower<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Haru (\u967d, \u6625) &#8211; sunlight, springtime<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sakura (\u685c) &#8211; cherry blossom\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Physical and personality traits are another big source of inspiration. These are the positive attributes Japanese parents wish upon their children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Personality Examples<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Daisuke (\u5927\u8f14) &#8211; big help, very helpful<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kei (\u6167) &#8211; wise, intelligent<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yuki (\u5e78) &#8211; fortune, happiness<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Luck is the final consideration when naming a child the traditional way. Certain kanji are \u201cluckier\u201d than others. Etymology, the number of strokes (called <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">seimeihandan <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; \u59d3\u540d\u5224\u65ad), and other factors beyond the scope of this article can affect a name\u2019s luck.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Japan bans some kanji because of their extreme bad luck and negative connotations. Words like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">aku<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (evil -\u60aa), <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">shi <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">(death &#8211; \u6b7b), and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">yamai<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (illness &#8211; \u75c5) have no place in Japanese names.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Modern naming<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s still uncommon. But more Japanese parents use hiragana and katakana in names in modern times. However, they are never mixed. These types of names feel inauthentic, especially as a surname.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using hiragana gives a name a soft, pure, and feminine quality. And katakana gives names a futuristic, sophisticated feel. Foreigners living in Japan also use katakana in non-Japanese names.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In eras past, the current emperor affected the popularity of names. For decades now, the names of popular characters in manga or anime, actors and artists have been more trendy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Writing Japanese names<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kanji packs Japanese names with meaning &#8211; and makes them look beautiful too! But, there\u2019s one problem. It\u2019s hard to know how to pronounce someone\u2019s name without <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">furigana<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which is the small hiragana above the characters.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are some kanji with identical pronunciations in different characters. Some have the same meaning in different characters. And some have identical meanings and sounds, but different characters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On official documents you\u2019ll always see a small space above someone\u2019s name to write in the furigana. This is one reason exchanging name cards is still so common in business. On the phone, Japanese people have to \u201cspell\u201d their names as a westerner might to clarify which kanji to use.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For example, if your name were <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Haruki<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u6625<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u8f1d<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) you would say \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">haru<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">harumaki<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u6625\u5dfb\u304d) and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ki<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">kido<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (\u8f1d\u5ea6).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-87988\" src=\"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Japanese-names-1.png\" alt=\"Person standing at window looking down on Shibuya crossing\" width=\"798\" height=\"436\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Calling others by name<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s extremely rare to call someone by their first name alone in Japan. Unless they\u2019re a very close friend, lover, or a child. The culture is slowly changing, but Japan is still very much a \u201clast name\u201d culture. You should avoid using anyone\u2019s first name on its own, especially in a professional setting.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, you\u2019ll add an honorific title to the end of a name. This makes it sound smoother and shows respect. Let\u2019s check out some common titles below.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Common Titles<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>-san(\u3055\u3093)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: The all-purpose honorific meaning Mr. or Ms. When in doubt, use -san.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>-chan(\u3061\u3083\u3093)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: A cute honorific. Used for close female friends, children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>-kun(\u304f\u3093)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: Showing your junior respect. Also has a cute sound when used for younger boys or friends.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b>-sama(\u69d8)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: This is a very polite honorific showing great respect. In a business setting, customers or clients get this honorific.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read more about Japanese honorifics in our article <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/blog\/sama-san-kun-chan-the-many-japanese-honorifics\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>When can I use someone\u2019s first name?<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a tricky dance and a source of frustration for a lot of westerners. The rule of thumb here is to observe and follow. If someone is called a nickname or goes by a first name by everyone, you might ask what they prefer you call them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Otherwise, go with their last name plus <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-san<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> unless you\u2019re told something else.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Learn more with Go! Go! Nihon<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you\u2019d like to learn more about Japan, check out our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/blog\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">blog<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for more on Japanese language, daily life, and culture.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What\u2019s in a name anyway? Well, if you grew up in Japan, a lot. A rich history lives behind every Japanese family name. Each one tells a story linked to a historic clan of ancient days (though how reliable that story is another matter). Or your surname might give some clues about your ancestors\u2019 place [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":117,"featured_media":26155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[400],"tags":[693,679],"class_list":["post-26985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-japanese-culture","tag-culture","tag-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26985","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/117"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26985"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26985\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26985"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26985"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/gogonihon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26985"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}